Nico - everything can be, also a cold solder joint. If it is so, the cold solder joint can only be at OPTO1. Look carefully at the 4 solder points on the back of the PCB, if the solder point are good.
BUT - I do not believe, that there is a cold solder joint.
Your problem is mysterious, I never heard of that.
What do the diagnostic LEDs on the board say, especially what does LED1 show, when the minute hand passes through OPTO1? It must go off, when the minute hand passes through. If it goes off, the fault is not on the board, but elsewhere "outside" the board. If it does not go off, the OPTO might be bad (it would be the first time for one of my boards), or the OPTO has bad contact in the socket (take the opto out 2 times and in again) or nethertheless a bad solder joint.
But I suppose, that there is some hardware-misalignment with your minute hand or the minute hand is worn out.
Please see this site:
http://pin-logic.com/tz_clock_fix.htm
Please keep me/us informed, the problem is "interesting".