For completeness sake and for anyone who may search out similar issues in the future, I am happy to report that I have fixed the final 2 major issues with Grand Prix. Multiplayer appears to now be working, though I have only tested two player so far. Previously it would continue up to Player 4 and stick there. It's now playing a 2-player game correctly and I suspect 3 and 4 will be OK also. This turned out to be a broken wire on the Coin Unit. It broke up inside the cloth insulation, so a visual check revealed nothing. I found it while doing a tug test on the wiring after cleaning the unit.
I also managed to track down the very erratic left-side double bonus error. This turned out to be a combination of things. The teeth on the left bonus unit gear are worn. The unit was also very sticky and sluggish. After cleaning, it moved freely but the error was still there. After manually logging each bonus value and what was being scored into a spreadsheet, it was easy to confirm that it was never the same error, but was always on the left side as I suspected. Since nearly everything else in the circuit is shared, I focused on the few side-specific items. The left side relays looked fine but I cleaned and gapped them all anyway, to no effect. I then watched the bonus count process on the stepper unit and you could see it skipping past teeth. A closer look revealed that some of the teeth are fairly worn down. The pawls looked pretty good though so I thought there should be enough tooth there for it to still work. I changed the reset pawl spring but again, no change.
I then had my brainstorm... With the unit having been gummy, it occurred to me that someone may have cranked up the mainspring tension to make the unit work rather than spend the time to disassemble and clean it as I had just done. I popped the end of the mainspring off its stud, and I could feel that it had far too much tension compared to normal steppers. I unwound one winding and tried again. Success! A full bonus countdown with no skipping. The high spring tension had been rotating the gear faster than the reset coil could cycle and this was made worse by the slightly worn teeth.
I'll still try to source a new gear for that unit, but it should be good for a while now.
All in all, a satisfying night's work!