When you press the self-test button on the sound board, does it playback any speech?
During normal game mode if the sound board can't detect the speech board, it just plays sound effects instead to prevent silence.
When the sound board tries to detect the speech board, all it does is check for the existence of the ROM at IC6 on the speech board. If you have a logic probe, then try checking for pulses to all the address/data/select pins on that ROM when you playback speech events.
BTW, are you now getting the same result (no speech) when you plug your old speech board in?