DIY - Side chat.....
OHMs... What is it, am I going to blow up my pin?
The subject or rather concern, surrounding proper Ohm speakers and settings within the Stern utility menu is a recurring question. So let's cover it here, then can use this as a reference.
First thing first - If you are concerned you will blow something up then you are overthinking it. So let's demystify.....
Ohms is just a measure of the speaker voice coil(this is the copper windings in the speaker) it's job is to magnetize and demagnetize quickly. This magnet then reacts with the fixed speaker magnet(what you see on the back of the speaker) to move the cone of the speaker. Think of it like a cylinder pumping in and out when electricity is applied. OHMs is the electrical resistance that coil is creating against the power going into it.
The standard, for a very long time anyway, has been 8ohms. However; with improvements in amplifier technology etc. many speakers and amplifiers now run at 4ohms or even less.
What does lower OHMs mean, 8ohms, 4ohms, 2ohms...? The lower the OHMs the less resistance the voicecoil is to the electrical current going through it. The lower the resistance(ohms) the more power the amplifier can deliver to the speaker. Car speakers have all been going the way of lower Ohm speakers for a while now. Why? Because they allow the amp to push more wattage to the speakers so you get more volume out of your system. Amplifiers are being designed to run at lower and lower Ohms. This is why you will often see amplifier ratings in terms of how much wattage they will put out at different Ohm loads. For instance..
2x25watts @ 8 Ohms
2x50watts @ 4 Ohms
2x100watts @ 2 Ohms
The lower the resistance the more the amplifier can deliver in terms of wattage.
So how does this apply to pinball. Well, if you replace your stock 8ohm speakers with quality 4 ohm speakers, it means the Stern amplifier(or any amplifier) can deliver more power to them. More power, more output etc.
Will this blow up my Stern amp? NO not at all. The Stern amp can delivery power safely at both 4 ohm and 8 ohm loads. (Go back a few pages where I go into the Stern Amplifier in detail)...
If 4 Ohms is more efficient than 8ohms, can I go down to 2 Ohm speakers and be even more efficient. Not really, the Stern amp is not one that can operate safely at 2 Ohms. if you run 2 Ohm speakers off the stock Stern amp it will draw more power which in turn will create more heat. Over time this will lead to a premature death of the amp chips. Also, running a lower Ohm speaker load on an amp not designed for it will introduce distortion and clipping because the amp isn't fast enough to control the signals it is sending out to stop and start the speaker movement. Rule of thumb: Almost all mini class D amplifiers will run down to 4ohms easily. In order to run below 4ohms generally car Audio amplifiers are the way to go, as they are being designed to run down to as little as 1 Ohm. Just read the specifications closely if you want to play with speakers 2ohms and below.
Ok great so far.... Now what the heck should I do with the 8ohm/4ohm setting in the settings, it sure makes it seem like it is important. Will I blow something up if I don't set this to match the speakers?... NO... As far as we can tell, the 4ohm and 8ohm setting is only changing the audio signal gain.(think pre-amp volume) this signal is then sent into the amplifier. The 8 Ohm setting seems to have a higher signal level(think volume) and the 4 Ohm has a lower signal. No one seem to be 100% sure why this is. There are also some other things going on with the signal that seems to change the audio quality - but that is something completely different. The general consensus is that by controlling the gain between 8ohm and 4ohm setting Stern can keep the end volume the same even though the amplifier is delivering more power to 4 ohm speakers. So by choosing the 4ohm or the 8ohm setting you are effectively just increasing or decreasing the level of pre-amp gain, which results in higher or lower volume levels in the end.
Which setting should you choose? Well based on the above - It's up to you. But in general, you are going to be replacing all of your speakers with 4ohm speakers, don't bother with 8ohm. The cabinet speaker(sub) will be set at 8 ohms in the setting's so you can get the most volume out of it. The back box speakers you can choose either 4ohm or 8ohm depending on how much volume you want out of them, and how you enjoy the sound quality coming from them at a given volume. This area is very subjective and according to taste and need.
A Quick side note on Dual Voce Coil Subwoofers - Please don't be fooled into thinking a dual voice coil speaker is somehow more powerful than a single voice coil. It is NOT. The only reason Dual Voice coils exist is because auto installers can carry less inventory of speakers. remember Car audio has been going to lower and lower Ohm loads for a while now. This means auto installers need more and more options available in order to achieve the end Ohm load they want to present to the amplifier. A duel voice coil 4 ohm speaker for instance - has 2 connection points on it. Each is 4ohms. Depending on how you wire both of those voice coils the speaker can present either an 8 ohm load or 2 ohm load to the amplifier. Anyway, if you are buying a dual voice coil subwoofer make sure you wire it down to 4 ohms. Search YouTube for more on this if you need more info.
Hope this helps a bit... back to work for me...