So looking at your list. what is not working is your DAC chip on the MPU board. Of the sounds that are working 3,4,6,7,8 are speech and sound samples produced by the CVSD. 0,1, and 5 are digital sound effects produced by the DAC chip (1408) at U2.
The op amps should Be Ok as U4 will take out only the speech/samples while U5 will take out sounds and speech/samples.
So, most likley bad, U2, bad Q1 or bad C8 cap 10uf.
looks like you've replaced 2 of these, so I would replace the cap at C8 and then maybe verify that you have an known good chip at U2 (rather than an unknown new chip, I've occasionally gotten bad new chips and it totally throws a curveball at troubleshooting)
If those are all good search the trace from the sound effects from pin 2 on U5 back towards the output of the 1408 at pin 4 as well as the traces between the U5 DAC and the U9 PIA.
Good luck