You can use your DMM. From Pinwiki:
"Normally, all sixteen of the decoder output lines are held high (+5vdc). When strobed, the decoder lowers one of it's sixteen output lines, depending on the pattern of the four input signals."
"With no input supplied (strobe is high), the output lines of the decoder are high (+5 vdc). This puts a voltage at the base of Q1 (this transistor is one of seven in the CA3081 transistor array chip). This turns Q1 "on" and the voltage supplied to it's collector via resistor R1 passes through the transistor to ground. At this point, little or no voltage is present at the base of Q2, and Q2 is "off". With Q2 off, the 40vdc at the coil has no place to go, and the coil remains deenergized."
Using the schematic you could determine what line the relay is on. Then with one probe on the correct leg of the chip (don't short two together) and the other on ground you could see if the state changes when running the solenoid test. If it does - then you know the CA3081 is probably bad. If it doesn't then you can suspect the 74LS154 or the PIA