Why would you get a new card? You would not be disputing that you initiated the charge, you would be making a claim for undelivered goods.
https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/chargeback-rules-undelivered-purchases.php
Now you may want to more carefully monitor that card to make sure fraudulent charges don't appear in the future, in which case, you would get a new card. (Or you just may want to cancel and get a new card.) However, I can assure you that whether you chose to file a claim or not, will have no impact on if they take that next step of selling ypur cc info or making fraudulent charges. In fact, I'd wager it is less likely as it suggests you aren't oblivious to the situation